Polity

As per the source context, Marco Rubio (FL) resigned to become Secretary of State, and JD Vance (OH) resigned after being elected Vice President. Their seats are held by appointees Ashley Moody and Jon Husted. Option B is incorrect because Rubio became Secretary of State, not VP. Option C is a distractor as Husted was appointed by Ohio Governor Mike DeWine, not DeSantis. Option D is incorrect as they occur concurrently with the general elections.

Both statements are correct. Article 142 is often termed a "plenary power." Its application in criminal matters (like scrapping FIRs in the CJP cases) is controversial because it can be seen as the judiciary performing an executive or legislative function, thereby challenging the separation of powers.

: Article 263 empowers the President to establish an Inter-State Council if it appears the public interest would be served—this makes establishment discretionary in the constitutional text, once set up (via a 1990 Presidential order), following the Sarkaria Commission's recommendation as a permanent body since. It is chaired by the PM, with CMs/Administrators of certain UTs, and Union Cabinet Ministers as members. Option A wrongly calls it mandatory. Option C is wrong—it does have an explicit constitutional basis (Article 263). Option D is wrong—it has no legislative or binding power; it is purely advisory/consultative.

This principle (Article 26 of the Vienna Convention) is the reason state parties are obligated to follow the ICCPR and ICESCR once ratified.

• Why others are incorrect: A and C are factually incorrect regarding UN/ICJ powers. D is a philosophical ideal, not a definition of the legal principle.

Hegel argued that one’s "substantive essence" (moral and religious life) is not external and thus cannot pass into the possession of another.

• Why others are incorrect: A and C contradict the concept of inalienability. D is incorrect as Hegel viewed things (property) as alienable, while the capacity for rights (personality) is not.

• Statement 1 is correct: Address to media in New Delhi by Union Minister Piyush Goyal highlighted that the NDA government strengthened Constitutional bodies and safeguards the autonomy of the Election Commission without political exploitation of officials.

• Statement 2 is correct: The debate centered around claims regarding the Special Intensive Exercise (SIR) and political commentary on electoral mechanisms.

Why other options are incorrect: Options (a), (b), and (d) fail to recognize that both statements are directly grounded in the official record context.

All three pairings are correct. Article 371A protects Naga customary law/practices and requires the Nagaland Assembly's consent before certain Parliamentary Acts apply. Article 371F contains special provisions for Sikkim following its integration in the Constitution. Article 371I contains special provisions for Goa, including protection of pre-merger law and Sikkimese-Goan reservation seats

Statement 1 is correct — Article 148 provides that the CAG is appointed by the President and can be removed from office only in the same manner and on the same grounds as a judge of the Supreme Court (i.e., the impeachment-like process) — a very strong tenure protection reflecting the CAG's crucial watchdog role over public finances. Statement 2 is correct — under Article 151, the CAG's reports relating to the accounts of the UNION are submitted to the President, who must cause them to be laid before EACH House of Parliament (where they are subsequently examined by the Public Accounts Committee). Statement 3 is INCORRECT — the CAG audits the accounts of BOTH the Union AND the States (Article 149-151 collectively cover this dual mandate); for State-related reports, they are submitted to the GOVERNOR, who causes them to be laid before the State Legislature.

• Statement 1 is correct: Section 47 of BNSS (formerly Section 50 CrPC) explicitly obligates police to inform an arrestee of the grounds of arrest when arresting without a warrant.

• Statement 2 is correct: The Supreme Court affirmed that written grounds must be communicated in writing within a reasonable timeframe, at least two hours prior to producing the arrestee for remand.

Statement 3 is incorrect: In Jaskaran Jeet Singh Deol v. State of Punjab (2026), the Supreme Court ruled that an IO must file an application before the concerned Magistrate and receive formal permission to re-arrest an individual whose prior arrest was held illegal due to non-supply of written grounds.

As per the source context, The New York Times provided a specific estimate of twelve seats shifting to Republicans in the Southeast, as legislatures would no longer be restricted from maximizing "safe" districts by the VRA.