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- A1600
- B1650
- C1700
- D1750
Explanation
Consider the following pairs of Pre-Congress organizations and their founders:
1.East India Association (1866) : Dadabhai Naoroji
2. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha (1870) : Mahadev Govind Ranade
3. Indian Association of Calcutta (1876) : Surendranath Banerjea and Anandamohan Bose
How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
- A
Only one
- B
Only two
- C
All three
- D
None
Explanation
All three pairs are prominent, correct matches. Dadabhai Naoroji organized the East India Association in London to influence British public opinion. M.G. Ranade and others built Poona Sarvajanik Sabha as a bridge between the government and people. The Indian Association of Calcutta was the most important pre-Congress nationalist group, focusing on civil service agitation.
Which one of the following statements about the Eka Movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is correct?
- AThe Eka Movement was throughout supported and organized by the Congress while Bardoli Satyagraha was initially independent of Congress influence and was only in the last stages supported by the Congress.
- BThe Eka Movement was provided leadership by the taluqdars of Awadh, whereas the Bardoli Satyagraha was a movement of the landless labourers.
- CThe Bardoli Satyagraha was a campaign against the enhancement of land revenue, while the Eka Movement was a protest against excessive extraction of rents.
- DThe Eka Movement was located in the Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of the present-day U.P., while the Bardoli Satyagraha took place in Saurashtra.
With reference to the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement (1905-1908), consider the following statements:
1. The formal proclamation of the Swadeshi Movement was made at the Town Hall in Calcutta in August 1905.
2. The movement witnessed the active participation of the peasantry of Bengal on a massive scale, transforming it into an agrarian struggle.
3. The Indian Society of Oriental Art was founded by Abanindranath Tagore to break the hegemony of Western art models.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
- A
Only one
- B
Only two
- C
All three
- D
None
Explanation
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The Boycott resolution was formally adopted on August 7, 1905, and Abanindranath Tagore founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art in 1907 to revive traditional Indian styles. Statement 2 is incorrect because the Swadeshi Movement remained largely confined to the urban upper and middle classes, students, and intelligentsia. It failed to mobilize the mass peasantry or the broader Muslim population of Bengal.
With reference to Mahatma Gandhi's political philosophy, consider the following statements:
- A
2 and 3 only
- B
1 and 2 only
- C
1 and 3 only
- D
1, 2 and 3
Explanation
Statement 1 — Incorrect
Gandhi's concept of Swaraj was much broader than merely expelling the British. He envisioned:
Self-rule at the individual level (self-discipline)
Village self-governance
Moral autonomy
Economic self-reliance
Political independence was only one aspect of Swaraj.
Statement 2 — Correct
Gandhi consistently argued:
"The true source of rights is duty."
He believed that when everyone fulfilled their duties, rights would naturally follow.
Statement 3 — Correct
Gandhi criticized centralized industrialization because it:
concentrated wealth,
encouraged exploitation,
displaced village industries,
created unemployment.
He instead advocated decentralized village industries.
UPSC Trap: Candidates often equate Swaraj solely with independence.
During the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), which of the following educational
institutions were established as national alternatives to British-controlled entities?
1. Jamia Millia Islamia
2. Kashi Vidyapith
3. Gujarat Vidyapith
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- A
1 and 2 only
- B
2 and 3 only
- C
1 and 3 only
- D
1,2 and 3
Explanation
All three institutions were established during the height of the Non-Cooperation Movement to foster indigenous, boycotted national education. Jamia Millia Islamia (initially at Aligarh, later moved to Delhi), Kashi Vidyapith (Varanasi), and Gujarat Vidyapith (Ahmedabad) were established to accommodate students who left government-aided institutions on Gandhi's clarion call.
- A1917
- B1918
- C1919
- D1920
Explanation
Which of the following demands was NOT included among Gandhi's Eleven Demands before launching the Civil Disobedience Movement?
A. Reduction in military expenditure
B. Abolition of salt tax
C. Universal adult franchise
D. Protective tariff on foreign cloth
- A
A
- B
B
- C
C
- D
D
Explanation
Included demands
✔ Salt tax abolition
✔ Reduction in military expenditure
✔ Protective tariff
✔ Reduction in land revenue
✔ Release of political prisoners
✔ Coastal shipping protection
✔ Reduction in rupee-sterling exchange ratio
etc.
Universal Adult Franchise
was NOT among the eleven demands.
It became a constitutional demand later.
Consider the following statements regarding the British policy in Awadh immediately after its annexation in 1856:
The taluqdars were dispossessed of their estates but allowed to retain their arms and forts.
A Summary Revenue Settlement was made in 1856 assuming that the taluqdars were outsiders.
The British believed in taking revenue directly from the peasants by removing the taluqdars.
- A2 and 3 only
- B1 and 3 only
- C1, 2 and 3
- D2 only
- AFederal structure with a weak center
- BUnitary structure with a strong center
- CProvincial autonomy with diarchy
- DComplete independence for India
Explanation
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