International Relations

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With reference to the First BIMSTEC Home Ministers' Meeting held in October 2026, consider the following statements:

The meeting concluded in New Delhi with the adoption of the Delhi Declaration.
The member nations pledged to combat and eliminate terrorism and violent extremism in all forms, including cross-border terrorism.
The Declaration called for replacing the UN framework with a regional bilateral military tribunal to resolve security disputes.

A
1 and 2 only
B
2 and 3 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
- 1, 2, and 3

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The First BIMSTEC Home Ministers' Meeting concluded in New Delhi with the adoption of the Delhi Declaration.
Statement 2 is correct: In the declaration, BIMSTEC nations strongly condemned terrorism and violent extremism, including cross-border terrorism, committing to eliminate it comprehensively.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The member states reiterated their determination to combat terrorism in accordance with UN principles and international obligations, without establishing any replacement military tribunals.

Why other options are incorrect: Option (b), (c), and (d) incorporate Statement 3, which contains fabricated structural mechanisms not present in the official declaration.

2.Which Central Asian country signed a $100 million line of credit with India in 2012 for infrastructure development?

AKazakhstan
BKyrgyzstan
CTurkmenistan
DUzbekistan

Explanation

In 2012, India extended a $100 million line of credit to Kyrgyzstan, primarily for road and power sector projects, strengthening economic ties.

With reference to the BRICS Theatre Festival 2026 held in New Delhi, consider the following statements:

The festival was organized by the National School of Drama (NSD) and featured 11 plays by 10 theatre groups.
Participation was strictly restricted to the five founding members of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa).
Member countries including Vietnam, Thailand, Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, and Iran were among the participating nations.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A
1 only
B
1 and 3 only
C
2 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3

Explanation

Statement 1 is correct: The BRICS Theatre Festival 2026 was hosted in New Delhi by the National School of Drama (NSD) under Director Chittaranjan Tripathy, presenting 11 plays across 10 groups.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Participation was not restricted to the original BRICS founders; it included expanded BRICS members and guest nations.
Statement 3 is correct: The 9 participating nations were India, Thailand, Indonesia, Russia, Vietnam, Iran, South Africa, Kazakhstan, and Ethiopia.

the context of the G20 Energy Abundance Ministerial Meeting 2026, the G20 Statement on Advancing Clean Cooking Access:

1.Promoted a technology-neutral and nationally appropriate approach.

2.Identified LPG as a critical clean-cooking pathway for developing countries.

A
1 only
B
2 only
C
Both 1 and 2
D
Neither 1 nor 2

Explanation

Both statements are correct. India advocated for a technology-neutral approach, ensuring that LPG is recognized as a valid clean-energy source for developing nations rather than adopting a one-size-fits-all renewable-only approach.

With reference to the L.69 Consultative Ministerial Interaction co-chaired by India and Saint Lucia in September 2026, consider the following statements:

The L.69 group consists of developing countries from Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, alongside Asia-Pacific nations.
The group argues that the Global South is at the receiving end of unprecedented global changes without proportionate representation in the UNSC.
India holds that UNSC reform is a non-negotiable requirement for global stability in a multipolar world.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

A
1 and 2 only
B
2 and 3 only
C
1 and 3 only
D
1, 2, and 3

Explanation

The L.69 group is a major pillar of India’s G4 and broader reform diplomacy. The key takeaway for GS II is the concept of "representation deficit." As noted by the External Affairs Minister, the Global South suffers the most from shifts it did not initiate, making the reform of the UN's "foundational architecture" a matter of survival, not just prestige.

6.The 2001 Agra Summit between India and Pakistan collapsed primarily because:

APakistan demanded the return of the Siachen Glacier to India
BIndia insisted on a nuclear non‑proliferation clause
CPakistan refused to accept the Line of Control as the de‑facto border
DIndia objected to Pakistan’s demand for a United Nations‑mandated referendum in Kashmir

Explanation

During the Agra Summit, Pakistan’s delegation, led by President Pervez Musharraf, pressed for a UN‑mandated plebiscite in Kashmir, which India rejected, leading to the breakdown of talks. Issues like Siachen, nuclear clauses, or LoC acceptance were not the immediate cause.

7.The term ‘Strategic Restraint’ in India‑Pakistan nuclear doctrine refers to:

AA mutual agreement to keep nuclear arsenals below a certain number
BA policy of not using tactical nuclear weapons in conventional conflicts
CA pledge to limit nuclear tests to one per decade
DAn understanding to involve a third‑party mediator before any nuclear launch

Explanation

Both nations have, at various points, articulated a doctrine of ‘strategic restraint,’ meaning they will not employ tactical nuclear weapons to gain an advantage in conventional warfare, thereby reducing escalation risk. No formal numeric limit, test frequency pact, or third‑party trigger exists.

8.Which of the following Indian states shares the longest stretch of the India‑China border?

ASikkim
BUttarakhand
CArunachal Pradesh
DLadakh

Explanation

Arunachal Pradesh shares about 1,129 km of the border with China, the longest among Indian states.

9.The "Bilateral Maritime Security Dialogue" (BMSD) signed between India and Oman in 2021 focuses on all EXCEPT:

AJoint anti‑piracy patrols in the Arabian Sea
BInformation sharing on maritime domain awareness
CCo‑development of offshore oil platforms
DCapacity building for coast‑guard vessels

Explanation

The BMSD is a security‑oriented framework covering anti‑piracy, domain awareness and capacity building; it does not include provisions for joint oil‑platform development, which is covered under separate energy agreements.

10.

Evaluate the outcomes of the September 2026 summit between Presidents Donald Trump and Xi Jinping:

The primary achievement was a long-term resolution of the trade war, ensuring tariff stability until 2028.
China utilized curbs on "rare earth exports" as a strategic lever to temper U.S. economic offensives.
The U.S. administration has officially transitioned from "not supporting" to "openly opposing" Taiwanese independence.

A
Only one statement is correct
B
Only two statements are correct
C
All three statements are correct
D
None of the statements are correct

Explanation

Statement 1 is incorrect: The summit resulted only in a two-month trade truce extension until January 10, 2027 (The Guardian).
Statement 2 is correct: The Guardian reports that China's curbs on rare earth exports successfully checked the U.S. appetite for a full economic offensive.
Statement 3 is incorrect: According to The Washington Post, while China desires this shift, the U.S. has not gone that far, maintaining a position of ambiguity and mixed messages.

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