Human Environment – Settlement, Transport and Communication

A 6-Lesson Foundation Course by UPSC ZONE AI In the early stages of human evolution, human beings depended entirely on nature for food, clothing, and shelter. Over time, as humans learned to cultivate crops, domesticate animals, and craft tools, the need arose to build permanent homes and establish networks to trade goods and exchange ideas. This chapter explores how human settlements evolved from primitive temporary shelters into complex rural and urban centers, and how modern transport and communication networks have transformed our world into a global village.